[
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "i%20purchased%20a%20chromebook%203%20years%20ago.%20i%20have%20not%20used%20it%20much.%20I%20am%20blind%20and%20need%20to%20use%20chromevox"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Here\u2019s how to get started using ChromeVox on your Chromebook\u2014clear, step-by-step instructions for turning it on, customizing settings, and using it so you can get the spoken feedback you need. If anything doesn\u2019t match your Chromebook\u2019s behavior, tell me its model or what version of ChromeOS it has, and I can adjust the steps.\n\n---\n\n## What is ChromeVox?\n\n- ChromeVox is the built-in screen reader on all Chromebooks. It speaks what\u2019s on the screen (menus, web pages, etc.) to help people who are blind or have low vision. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- Includes keyboard shortcuts, custom voices, speech-rate controls, braille display support, etc. ([blog.google](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/devices/chromebooks/new-improved-chromevox-screen-reader/?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## How to Turn On ChromeVox\n\nYou can turn it on using one of these methods:\n\n1. **Keyboard shortcut**: Press `Ctrl + Alt + Z`. Press it again to turn ChromeVox off. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n2. **Through Settings**:\n   - Click the time or battery area (lower-right corner of screen). ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/9032490?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n   - Click **Settings** \u2192 scroll down and choose **Advanced**. ([ucdenver.edu](https://www.ucdenver.edu/center-for-innovative-design-and-engineering/community-engagement/colorado-assistive-technology-act-program/technology-and-transition-to-employment/chromeos-accessibility?utm_source=openai))  \n   - Find **Accessibility** \u2192 **Manage accessibility features**. ([ucdenver.edu](https://www.ucdenver.edu/center-for-innovative-design-and-engineering/community-engagement/colorado-assistive-technology-act-program/technology-and-transition-to-employment/chromeos-accessibility?utm_source=openai))  \n   - Turn ON the toggle for **ChromeVox (spoken feedback)**. ([tx01000797.schoolwires.net](https://tx01000797.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/TX01000797/Centricity/Domain/4748/Accessibility%20Setting%20on%20Chromebook.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n\n3. **Without logging in (Lock/Sign-In screen)**: You can also press `Ctrl + Alt + Z` before you log in to enable spoken feedback for the sign-in screen. ([srt.csb-cde.ca.gov](https://srt.csb-cde.ca.gov/chromevox/chromevox-index.html?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## Important Settings to Explore\n\nOnce ChromeVox is on, these settings will help you tailor it to what you prefer:\n\n- **Voice & speech settings**: Change the voice, speed, pitch, etc. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- **\u201cSpeak text under mouse/cursor\u201d**: When this is on, moving the mouse or arrow keys over text causes ChromeVox to read out the text. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- **Menus & navigation**: You can open the ChromeVox menu using `Search + Period` (sometimes shown as the Launcher key + `.`) to access headings, links, speech options, etc. ([blog.google](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/devices/chromebooks/new-improved-chromevox-screen-reader/?utm_source=openai))  \n- **Braille support**: If you have a refreshable braille display (USB or Bluetooth), ChromeVox can work with it. ([srt.csb-cde.ca.gov](https://srt.csb-cde.ca.gov/chromevox/chromevox-index.html?utm_source=openai))  \n- **Select-to-Speak**: If you sometimes want just part of a page read aloud rather than the entire page. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/9032490?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## Keyboard Shortcuts You\u2019ll Likely Use\n\nHere are some of the most helpful shortcuts once ChromeVox is active:\n\n- `Ctrl + Alt + Z` \u2192 toggle ChromeVox on/off ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- `Search + o, then o` \u2192 open ChromeVox options/settings menu ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- `Search + Period (.)` \u2192 open the ChromeVox menu to access navigation, speech settings, etc. ([blog.google](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/devices/chromebooks/new-improved-chromevox-screen-reader/?utm_source=openai))  \n- `Search + Shift + [` / `Search + [` \u2192 slow down or speed up speech rate. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- `Search + a, then b` \u2192 toggle braille captions on/off. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## Additional Tips\n\n- **Always show accessibility features**: You can turn on a setting so the accessibility menu is easier to access from the login screen or status area. ([cloud.google.com](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/chrome-enterprise/make-work-more-inclusive-with-these-chromebook-accessibility-features?utm_source=openai))  \n- **Keep the volume up**: If speech doesn\u2019t seem to be working, first make sure your Chromebook\u2019s volume is turned up. ([srt.csb-cde.ca.gov](https://srt.csb-cde.ca.gov/chromevox/chromevox-index.html?utm_source=openai))  \n- **Learn mode**: ChromeVox has a Learn Mode where the keys and what they do are spoken when you use them. Very helpful to get familiar. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/7031755?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- **Update your Chromebook**: If you haven\u2019t used it for a while, make sure it\u2019s running a recent version of ChromeOS, so you get the newest accessibility improvements. ([blog.google](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/devices/chromebooks/new-improved-chromevox-screen-reader/?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\nIf you want, I can walk you through enabling it with your voice (if there\u2019s such an option), or show what the setup looks like so you can follow along step-by-step. Would that be helpful?"
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "%20Blind.%20I%20have%20a%20chromebook%20I%20bought%203%20years%20ago.%20I%20have%20not%20used%20it%20much.%20I%20need%20to%20use%20chromevox%20on%20it.%20I%20am%20just%20learning%20the%20basics.%20Has%20chromevox%20been%20updated%20over%20the%20past%203%20years%3F%20Are%20they%20substantial%20improvements%3F%20What%20do%20I%20need%20to%20do%20to%20get%20the%20chromebook%20to%20update%20chromevox%3FI%20am"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Here\u2019s what I found out about ChromeVox and ChromeOS in the last ~3 years: what has changed, how big the improvements are, and what you need to do to make sure your Chromebook has the latest version (so ChromeVox is as good as possible for you).\n\n---\n\n## \u2714 What\u2019s changed in ChromeVox & ChromeOS lately\n\nYes \u2014 ChromeVox and ChromeOS both have seen several accessibility improvements recently. Some of the updates address big issues, while others are smaller but still helpful.\n\nHere are major updates and features from the past few years:\n\n- **Voice switching by language**: ChromeVox can now automatically switch the reading voice when the page contains text in more than one language. This helps make mixed-language content much easier to understand. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/12239814?hl=en&utm_source=openai))  \n- **Support for ChromeVox in Android App Streaming**: If you use streaming Android apps on your Chromebook, ChromeVox can now interact with them \u2014 read their content and navigate within them. ([chromeos.dev](https://chromeos.dev/en/releases?pubDate=20250306&utm_source=openai))  \n- **Improved PDF support using OCR**: Some PDFs aren\u2019t built with accessibility tags, but now ChromeOS can extract text from them automatically, helping ChromeVox read them better. ([chromeos.dev](https://chromeos.dev/en/releases?pubDate=20250306&utm_source=openai))  \n- **Shortcut improvements and dictation enhancements**: You can turn on dictation with keyboard shortcuts (e.g. Search + D), and there have been fixes for dictation issues. ([chromeos.dev](https://chromeos.dev/en/releases?pubDate=20250306&utm_source=openai))  \n- **Settings reorganized**: ChromeVox and its settings have been moved more into the main ChromeOS Accessibility settings, making it simpler to find and change options. ([storage.googleapis.com](https://storage.googleapis.com/support-kms-prod/m1CsRyfGdOpls3aQctLqBiIyr3WstZmpPYds?utm_source=openai))  \n- **\u201cSelect-to-Speak\u201d enhancements**: You can now shade the background text that isn\u2019t being read, making it easier to follow what\u2019s being spoken. ([chromeenterprise.google](https://chromeenterprise.google/accessibility/?utm_source=openai))  \n\nSo yes\u2014the changes are more than minor bug fixes. For users who rely heavily on ChromeVox, many of these improvements make everyday tasks easier.\n\n---\n\n## \u26a0 Automatic Updates \u2014 What to check & what to do\n\nTo get the improvements listed above, your Chromebook needs to be running a fairly recent ChromeOS version, with up-to-date accessibility tools. Here\u2019s how to check and update:\n\n1. **Check current ChromeOS version & update status**\n   - Click or tap the time (bottom-right of the screen).\n   - Go to **Settings** \u2192 **About ChromeOS**.\n   - You will see the version you\u2019re on, and a \u201cCheck for updates\u201d button. If an update is available, it will download. Then you\u2019ll need to \u201cRestart\u201d to install. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/177889?hl=en-GB&utm_source=openai))  \n\n2. **Find out if your Chromebook is still supported**\n   - Each Chromebook has an *Auto-Update Expiry* (AUE) date. After that date, it usually stops receiving major updates (both security and feature updates). If you bought it 3 years ago, check if it's past that date. ([support.google.com](https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/177889?hl=en-GB&utm_source=openai))  \n\n3. **Ensure you are on the Stable Channel**\n   - Most Chromebooks have three \u201cchannels\u201d (Stable, Beta, Dev). The Stable channel gives you the updates that have been well-tested. Make sure you're in Stable, so ChromeVox improvements are less likely to have bugs. Changing channels can be more complicated, especially if you\u2019re not sure or if your device is managed (e.g., by a school).  \n\n4. **Update ChromeVox settings and voices**\n   - Even before updates, make sure your voice, language, and other ChromeVox options are set how you want them (e.g. voice pitch, reading speed, etc.).\n   - Some new voices (more natural-sounding) have been added recently. ([google.com](https://www.google.com/chromebook/accessibility/?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udccc Are the improvements substantial for someone who uses ChromeVox regularly?\n\nYes. Especially in these areas:\n\n- **Better mixed-language reading**, which helps if you read content in more than one language.\n- **PDF reading** through OCR makes it possible to hear content that previously wouldn\u2019t have been read correctly.\n- **Faster access to settings** makes learning and adjusting easier.\n- **Better handling of Android apps** \u2014 if you use apps that aren\u2019t web-based, these improvements matter.\n- **Dictation fixes** make voice typing more reliable.\n\nIf you\u2019ve used ChromeVox in the past, you\u2019ll likely notice smoother behavior, fewer missed or confusing reads, and more natural voice options than what you had 3 years ago.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udee0 What you should do now (step-by-step)\n\nHere\u2019s a checklist to follow to make sure your Chromebook and ChromeVox have the latest improvements, and that your setup is comfortable for you:\n\n1. **Connect to Wi-Fi** and ensure your Chromebook is plugged in (updates can be large, and you don\u2019t want the battery to die mid-update).  \n2. Go to **Settings** \u2192 **About ChromeOS** \u2192 **Check for updates**. If available, let the update download, then restart when prompted.  \n3. After restarting, re-enable ChromeVox if needed (Ctrl + Alt + Z).  \n4. Open the Accessibility settings:\n   - Settings \u2192 Accessibility \u2192 Manage accessibility features \u2192 Vision \u2192 ChromeVox.  \n   - Also explore options for voice, language, speech rate.  \n   - Try using \u201cSelect-to-Speak\u201d with background shading.  \n5. Try reading a PDF that used to be hard to read, or try using streaming Android apps (if you have any), to see if ChromeVox now works better.  \n6. If dictation is part of your regular tasks, test if \u201cSearch + D\u201d works better.  \n\n---\n\nIf you tell me the **model** of your Chromebook (e.g. \u201cAcer Chromebook Spin 311\u201d, or \u201cHP Chromebook 14\u201d) or its **current ChromeOS version** (you can find it in Settings \u2192 About ChromeOS), I can help you check if yours supports all the latest features\u2014and point out anything specific you might still need."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "in%20the%20Supreme%20Court%20of%20Canada%20case%20of%20Ontario%20Human%20Rights%20Commission%20v%20simpson%20sears%20that%20established%20the%20duty%20to%20accommodate%20in%20canadian%20law%2C%20which%20Supreme%20Court%20of%20Canada%20justice%20wrote%20the%20court%27s%20reasons%3F"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "In **Ontario (Human Rights Commission) v. Simpsons-Sears Ltd.** (1985) (also known as *O\u2019Malley v. Simpsons-Sears*), the reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada were written by **Justice McIntyre**. ([decisions.scc-csc.ca](https://decisions.scc-csc.ca/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/101/1/document.do?utm_source=openai))\n\nIf you want, I can also send you a link to the full decision (the text of the reasons), or summarize the holding and how they described the duty to accommodate."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "what%20is%20the%20email%20address%20to%20send%20feedback%20to%20the%20times%20of%20israel%20on%20their%20podcasts."
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "You can send feedback about *Times of Israel* podcasts to **social@timesofisrael.com**. ([crunchbase.com](https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/the-times-of-israel?utm_source=openai))\n\nIf you want, I can find a specific email for the host of the podcast you listen to, just more direct."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "The%20Ontario%20Human%20Rights%20Code%20is%20an%20Ontario%20statute%20that%20includes%20an%20explicit%20duty%20to%20accommodate%20in%20sections%2011%20and%2017.%20Does%20any%20other%20Canadian%20province%27s%20human%20rights%20code%20or%20anti-discrimination%20statute%20include%20a%20duty%20to%20accommodate%20in%20the%20text%20of%20the%20legislation%2C%20or%20is%20the%20imposition%20of%20the%20duty%20to%20accommodate%20in%20the%20other%20provinces%20imposed%20by%20court%20interpretation%20of%20the%20word%20discrimination%3F%20also%2C%20same%20question%20re%20the%20Canada%20Human%20Rights%20Act"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Here\u2019s a breakdown of whether other Canadian human rights laws (federal or provincial) **explicitly include** the duty to accommodate in their text, or whether courts have imposed it via judicial interpretation of \u201cdiscrimination.\u201d\n\n---\n\n## \ud83c\udde8\ud83c\udde6 Canadian Human Rights Act (federal)\n\n- The **Canada Human Rights Act (CHRA), R.S.C. 1985, c. H-6**, includes the concept of accommodation in its **purpose section**: it states that one of the aims is to give effect \u201cto have their needs accommodated \u2026 without being hindered in or prevented from doing so by discriminatory practices \u2026\u201d ([laws-lois.justice.gc.ca](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/page-1.html?txthl=accommodation+accommodate&utm_source=openai)) \n\n- Further, the CHRA provides that when determining whether a discriminatory practice is justifiable (for example, where there is a bona fide occupational requirement), the person or organization must show that **accommodation of the needs of the individual or class** would impose **undue hardship**, considering cost, safety, etc. ([laws-lois.justice.gc.ca](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/FullText.html?txthl=part+ii&wbdisable=false&utm_source=openai))\n\nSo, while CHRA **does not** have a section that says \u201cevery person must accommodate \u2026\u201d in exactly the same wording as Ontario Code section 11 or 17, it **does explicitly address** accommodation in its purpose clause and in its provisions regarding justification of discriminatory practices. Thus, the duty to accommodate is part of the statute itself\u2014beyond just being a consequence of case law.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83c\udf10 Manitoba Human Rights Code\n\n- Manitoba\u2019s Human Rights Code *does* include an explicit provision: in its definition of \u201cdiscrimination,\u201d **clause 9(1)(d)** states that failing to make **reasonable accommodation** for special needs (based on a prohibited ground) is a form of discrimination. ([web2.gov.mb.ca](https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/archive/h175%282022-12-31%29e.php?df=2022-01-01&utm_source=openai))\n\n- Also, section 11 allows affirmative programs and clarifies that making reasonable accommodation for special needs is **not itself** discrimination. ([web2.gov.mb.ca](https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/archive/h175%282022-12-31%29e.php?df=2022-01-01&utm_source=openai))\n\nSo yes \u2014 in Manitoba, the duty to accommodate is part of the statutory definition of discrimination.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd0d Other Provinces & Territories\n\nFor a few provinces, searches did *not* reveal similar express statutory wording.\n\n- **Alberta**: The statutes do *not* appear to expressly define \u201cdiscrimination\u201d to include failure to accommodate. The Alberta Human Rights Act relies heavily on case law and policy guidance (commission guidelines) that impose the duty to accommodate, and the statutory text describes protections and remedies without the same type of definitional clause as Manitoba. ([albertahumanrights.ab.ca](https://www.albertahumanrights.ab.ca/what-are-human-rights/about-human-rights/duty-to-accommodate/?utm_source=openai))\n\n- **Nova Scotia**: While the duty to accommodate is clearly part of policy and Commission practice (e.g. \u201creasonable accommodation to the point of undue hardship\u201d appears in guidance materials) ([humanrights.novascotia.ca](https://humanrights.novascotia.ca/sites/default/files/editor-uploads/general_faq.pdf?utm_source=openai)), I did *not* locate a clause in the statutory text that includes \u201cfailure to accommodate\u201d in the definition of discrimination in the way Manitoba\u2019s 9(1)(d) does.\n\n---\n\n## \u2705 Summary\n\nProvince / Jurisdiction | Explicit statutory wording of duty to accommodate / part of definition | Duty imposed by courts interpreting \u201cdiscrimination\u201d\n---|---|---\nOntario | Yes \u2014 CH Code sections 11 & 17 explicitly require accommodation (i.e. \u201cmust be accommodated \u2026 unless undue hardship\u201d) ([ontario.ca](https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h19?utm_source=openai)) | Also deeply developed through case law (Simpsons-Sears, Meiorin, etc.)\nManitoba | Yes \u2014 section 9(1)(d) defines discrimination to include failure to make reasonable accommodation; section 11 clarifies it too ([web2.gov.mb.ca](https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/archive/h175%282022-12-31%29e.php?df=2022-01-01&utm_source=openai)) | Courts and tribunals apply it in specific cases consistent with that\nCanada (federal / CHRA) | Yes \u2014 purpose clause and requirements for justification in statute itself include accommodation and undue hardship concepts ([laws-lois.justice.gc.ca](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/page-1.html?txthl=accommodation+accommodate&utm_source=openai)) | Judicial interpretation has elaborated details (what \u201cundue hardship\u201d means, standards, etc.)\nAlberta | No clear statutory definition including failure to accommodate as part of discrimination definition; duty is imposed by case law and policy / tribunal interpretation ([albertahumanrights.ab.ca](https://www.albertahumanrights.ab.ca/what-are-human-rights/about-human-rights/duty-to-accommodate/?utm_source=openai)) | Heavy reliance on judicial/tribunal interpretation\nNova Scotia | Statutory text does *not* appear to include the failure to accommodate clause; duty comes through policy, commissions, and case law following Supreme Court precedent ([humanrights.novascotia.ca](https://humanrights.novascotia.ca/duty-accommodate?utm_source=openai)) | Yes, courts interpret \u201cdiscrimination\u201d to include adverse effects that need accommodation\n\n---\n\nIf you like, I can pull up a list of *all* Canadian jurisdictions and whether their laws explicitly include the duty (or not), so you can easily compare."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "please%20give%20me%20the%20exact%20wording%20of%20the%20legislative%20provisions%20that%20include%20the%20duty%20to%20accommodate%20in%20the%20human%20rights%20statutes%20in%20Canada%20that%20have%20duty%20to%20accommodate%20language%20explicitly%20in%20the%20legislation."
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Here are the **exact legislative provisions** (Canada-federal and a couple of provinces) that **explicitly include the duty to accommodate** in their human rights / anti-discrimination statutes. (Where available, I quote the current statutory text.)\n\n---\n\n## 1. **Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA), R.S.C. 1985, c. H-6**\n\n**Section 2 \u2013 Purpose of Act**  \n> *\u201cThe purpose of this Act is to extend the laws in Canada to give effect, within the purview of matters coming within the legislative authority of Parliament, to the principle that all individuals should have an opportunity equal with other individuals to make for themselves the lives that they are able and wish to have and to have their needs accommodated, consistent with their duties and obligations as members of society, without being hindered in or prevented from doing so by discriminatory practices \u2026\u201d* ([laws-lois.justice.gc.ca](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/page-1.html?txthl=accommodation+accommodate&utm_source=openai))\n\n**Section 2(2) \u2013 Accommodation of Needs in Justification**  \n> *\u201cFor any practice mentioned in paragraph (1)(a) to be considered to be based on a bona fide occupational requirement and for any practice mentioned in paragraph (1)(g) to be considered to have a bona fide justification, it must be established that accommodation of the needs of an individual or a class of individuals affected would impose undue hardship on the person who would have to accommodate those needs, considering health, safety and cost.\u201d* ([laws-lois.justice.gc.ca](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/FullText.html?txthl=purpose&wbdisable=false&utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## 2. **Manitoba Human Rights Code, C.C.S.M. c. H175**\n\n**Section 9(1)(d) \u2013 Definition of \u201cDiscrimination\u201d**  \n> *\u201cfailure to make reasonable accommodation for the special needs of any individual or group, if those special needs are based upon any characteristic referred to in subsection (2).\u201d* ([manitoba.ca](https://www.manitoba.ca/csc/legislation/mhrc.html?utm_source=openai))\n\n**Section 12 \u2013 Reasonable Accommodation Required**  \n> *\u201cFor the purpose of interpreting and applying sections 13 to 18, the right to discriminate where bona fide and reasonable cause exists for the discrimination, or where the discrimination is based upon bona fide and reasonable requirements or qualifications, does not extend to the failure to make reasonable accommodation within the meaning of clause 9(1)(d).\u201d* ([manitoba.ca](https://www.manitoba.ca/csc/legislation/mhrc.html?utm_source=openai))\n\n**Section 11 \u2013 Affirmative Action, etc., Permitted (Relevant for accommodation)**  \n> *\u201cNotwithstanding any other provision of this Code, it is not discrimination, a contravention of this Code, or an offence under this Code (a) to make reasonable accommodation for the special needs of an individual or group, if those special needs are based upon any characteristic referred to in subsection 9(2); \u2026\u201d* ([web2.gov.mb.ca](https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/archive/h175%282022-12-31%29e.php?df=2022-01-01&utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## 3. **Ontario Human Rights Code, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.19**\n\n**Section 11 \u2013 Constructive Discrimination**  \n> (1) *\u201cA right of a person under Part I is infringed where a requirement, qualification or factor exists that is not discrimination on a prohibited ground but that results in the exclusion, restriction or preference of a group of persons who are identified by a prohibited ground of discrimination and of whom the person is a member, except where,  \n> (a) the requirement, qualification or factor is reasonable and bona fide in the circumstances; or  \n> (b) it is declared in this Act, other than in section 17, that to discriminate because of such ground is not an infringement of a right.\u201d*  \n> (2) *\u201cThe Commission, the Tribunal or a court shall not find that a requirement, qualification or factor is reasonable and bona fide in the circumstances unless it is satisfied that the needs of the group of which the person is a member cannot be accommodated without undue hardship on the person responsible for accommodating those needs, considering the cost, outside sources of funding, if any, and health and safety requirements, if any.\u201d* ([ontario.ca](https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h19/v11?utm_source=openai))\n\n**Section 17 \u2013 Disability: Standard Definition & Accommodation**  \n> (2) *\u201cNo tribunal or court shall find a person incapable unless it is satisfied that the needs of the person cannot be accommodated without undue hardship on the person responsible for accommodating those needs, considering the cost, outside sources of funding, if any, and health and safety requirements, if any.\u201d* ([ontario.ca](https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h19?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\nIf you like, I can pull together the wording for **other provinces** (e.g. British Columbia, Alberta, Qu\u00e9bec) to see whether they also have explicit \u201caccommodation\u201d clauses in their legislation."
    }
]