[
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "What%20are%20some%20of%20the%20countries%20that%20do%20not%20offer%20birthright%20citizenship%3F"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Many countries around the world *do not* offer unrestricted or full birthright citizenship\u2014that is, a guarantee that anyone born on the country\u2019s soil automatically becomes a citizen, regardless of their parents\u2019 nationality or immigration status.\n\nHere are examples of such countries, and how their systems differ from full birthright citizenship:\n\n\u2014\n\n## What is \u201cunrestricted birthright citizenship\u201d  \nAlso called \u201cunconditional *jus soli*\u201d, this means a child born in the country is automatically a citizen\u2014with very limited exceptions (e.g. children of foreign diplomats). The majority of countries around the world **don\u2019t** follow this model. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai))\n\nMost rely on *jus sanguinis* (\u201cright of blood\u201d), where citizenship depends on parents\u2019 nationality, not birth location. Others have conditional or limited forms of *jus soli*. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai))\n\n\u2014\n\n## Countries that do **not** grant unconditional birthright citizenship\n\nHere are some notable countries (outside the ~30-35 that *do* grant unconditional jus soli) where being born there does *not* automatically grant citizenship unless certain conditions are met, or where the system is based primarily on parentage:\n\n| Country | Key Requirement(s) or Condition(s) instead of full birthright citizenship |\n|---|---|\n| United Kingdom | Since 1983, a child born in the UK only becomes a citizen at birth if one parent is a citizen or is \u201clegally settled\u201d (i.e. holds permanent residence) in the UK at the time. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Australia | Since 1986, automatic citizenship at birth requires that at least one parent be an Australian citizen or permanent resident. Otherwise, birth on Australian soil *alone* isn\u2019t enough. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Ireland | A constitutional amendment in 2005 changed the rule: citizenship at birth now requires at least one parent to be an Irish citizen or eligible for citizenship. Birth alone is no longer enough. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| New Zealand | Similarly, since 2006, at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident for a child born there to automatically gain citizenship. Birth alone no longer guarantees citizenship. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Dominican Republic | Birthright citizenship was significantly restricted. Since constitutional reforms and court rulings, children born to parents who are \u201cin transit\u201d or residing illegally do *not* automatically acquire citizenship. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/countries-that-have-birthright-citizenship-full-list/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| India | Laws passed in December 2004 require both parents be Indian citizens, or at least one citizen and the other not an illegal migrant, for a child born in India to receive citizenship. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Japan | Citizenship is based on parentage\u2014*jus sanguinis*. Being born in Japan to non-Japanese parents does not grant citizenship by birth. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| China | Citizenship by descent; birth on Chinese soil alone does not confer citizenship if the parents are foreign nationals. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Italy, Poland (and many other European countries) | Citizenship is passed through parents, or through other qualifying conditions\u2014not merely based on being born there. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/what-countries-dont-have-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai)) |\n\n\u2014\n\n## How these compare with countries that *do* grant full birthright citizenship\n\nCountries that still have **unconditional jus soli** include:\n\n- Most of the Americas (e.g. United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, etc.) ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/jus-soli-countries-list-of-nations-with-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai))  \n- A few others outside the Americas (e.g. Pakistan, Chad, Lesotho, Tanzania, Fiji, Tuvalu) with some caveats or limited exceptions in some cases. ([legalclarity.org](https://legalclarity.org/jus-soli-countries-list-of-nations-with-birthright-citizenship/?utm_source=openai))\n\n\u2014\n\nIf you like, I can pull up a *full list* of countries without any automatic birthright citizenship, or compare by region (Europe vs Asia vs Africa) to see how common it is where you live. Would you prefer that?"
    }
]