[
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "what%20settings%20should%20I%20apply%20in%20goldwave%20to%20reduce%20a%20bit%20of%20background%20hiss%2C%20using%20jaws"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Here are some GoldWave settings and steps you can use\u2014with JAWS or any screen reader\u2014to reduce a background hiss. I\u2019ll walk you through the process and suggest specific values you can try. If these don't sound quite right, you can tweak them to suit your audio.\n\n---\n\n## 1. Prep audio and pick a noise sample\n\n1. Open the file in GoldWave.\n2. Play to find a short section (1 second or so) where only background hiss is present\u2014no speech or music.\n3. Select that \u201cnoise-only\u201d section and press `Ctrl+C` (Edit \u2192 Copy).  \n   This lets GoldWave learn what you want removed later via \u201cUse Clipboard.\u201d  \n   ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/desktop/AppendixTutorial.html?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## 2. Use **Noise Reduction** effect\n\n- Go to **Effect \u2192 Filter \u2192 Noise Reduction**.  \n  ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseReduction.html?utm_source=openai))\n\nKey settings to adjust:\n\n| Setting | What it does | Suggested value to start |\n|---|---|---|\n| **Reduction envelope** | Choose how GoldWave identifies noise frequencies. Best is **Use Clipboard** if you copied noise. | Start with \u201cUse Clipboard.\u201d If not, try \u201cUse Current Spectrum\u201d or \u201cShape Controls\u201d to draw a line over the visible noise band. ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseReduction.html?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **FFT size** | Controls how detailed the frequency analysis is. Larger sizes detect more detail. | Try starting at 11 or higher. ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseReduction.html?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Overlap** | How much analysis windows overlap each other; more overlap = smoother result. | Set to 4\u00d7. ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseReduction.html?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Scale (%)** | How much of the estimated noise is removed: 100% is full, 50% is less aggressive. | Start at 100%; if audio sounds \u201cwarbly\u201d or artifacts appear, lower to ~80% or less. ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseReduction.html?utm_source=openai)) |\n\n- **Preview** before applying. Listen for distortion or artifacts, especially in speech. If hearing too much wobble or loss of clarity, *lower the Scale* or *increase FFT size* rather than removing more noise.  \n  ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseReduction.html?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## 3. Apply **Smoother** filter\n\n- Go to **Effect \u2192 Filter \u2192 Smoother \u2192 Reduce Hiss** preset.  \n  ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/desktop/AppendixTutorial.html?utm_source=openai))\n- Adjust these parameters:\n\n| Setting | Suggested start value |\n|---|---|\n| **Length (samples)** | Middle-range value\u2014not too small (won\u2019t help), not too large (makes audio dull). Maybe start with ~200\u2013500 samples or whatever GoldWave shows as \u201cMedium.\u201d ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectSmoother.html?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Volume compensation** | Increase to make up for loss of loudness caused by smoothing. Set it to auto or manually +3 to +6 dB. ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectSmoother.html?utm_source=openai)) |\n\n---\n\n## 4. Clean up quieter parts with **Noise Gate**\n\n- Use **Effect \u2192 Filter \u2192 Noise Gate**. Helps silence or reduce hiss during pauses or quiet segments.  \n  ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/EffectNoiseGate.html?utm_source=openai))\n\nKey parameters:\n\n| Setting | What to try |\n|---|---|\n| **Threshold (dB)** | Set just above your hiss level. If background hiss is around \u201350 dB, try threshold around \u201345 to \u201340 dB. |\n| **Attack / Release (seconds)** | Fast attack (0.01\u20130.05 s), release maybe 0.1\u20130.5 s so it doesn\u2019t abruptly cut. |\n| **Reduction (%)** | Usually 100% so silence replaces audio below threshold. |\n\n---\n\n## 5. Final polish with EQ and volume\n\n- Use **Equalizer** or **Parametric EQ** to cut high-frequency hiss. For example, apply a gentle high-cut filter starting at around 10\u201312 kHz if hiss is ultrasonic. Or reduce frequencies above where your voice is most prominent.  \n  ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/mobile/AppendixIntroduction.html?utm_source=openai))\n\n- After that, run **Maximize Volume** \u2192 \u201cFull dynamic range\u201d preset to bring up overall level.  \n  ([goldwave.com](https://goldwave.com/help/desktop/AppendixTutorial.html?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## 6. Workflow summary (with JAWS accessibility hints)\n\nHere\u2019s a step-by-step accessible workflow you can follow using keyboard commands:\n\n1. Open audio file: `Alt+F` \u2192 `O`.\n2. Navigate waveform to find noise-only region: arrow keys + zoom.\n3. Select noise section: set start (press `S`), move, set finish (press `E`), then `Ctrl+C`.\n4. Select all: `Ctrl+A`.\n5. Open Noise Reduction: `Alt+E` \u2192 `Filter` \u2192 `Noise Reduction`.\n6. Tab through to select \u201cUse Clipboard\u201d envelope, set FFT size (type number), set Overlap, set Scale.\n7. Press **Preview**, listen, adjust Scale/FFT as needed.\n8. Apply.\n9. Use Smoother: `Alt+E` \u2192 `Filter` \u2192 `Smoother` \u2192 preset \u201cReduce Hiss\u201d.\n10. Adjust Length, Volume as needed.\n11. (Optional) Open Noise Gate: `Alt+E` \u2192 `Filter` \u2192 `Noise Gate`. Set Threshold, Attack, Release.\n12. Apply EQ if needed.\n13. Run Maximize Volume: `Alt+E` \u2192 `Volume` \u2192 `Maximize Volume` \u2192 \u201cFull dynamic range\u201d.\n\n---\n\nIf you tell me what type of audio you\u2019re working with (speech, music, etc.), and whether the hiss is \u201clow-level\u201d or quite loud, I can suggest tuned starting values for your specific case."
    }
]