[
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "How%20do%20I%20enter%20an%20upper%20case%20letter%20(for%20a%20password%2C%20for%20example)%20on%20the%20Brailliant%20BI%20X%2040%20series%20of%20Braille%20display%3F"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "The Brailliant BI X (including the BI-40X) supports several Braille input tables. How you enter an uppercase (capital) letter depends on which one you're using\u2014most commonly, *computer braille* or *uncontracted literary Braille* (often UEB).\n\nHere\u2019s a breakdown:\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd20 Computer Braille\n\nWhen using **English Computer Braille** (or other similar computer-braille tables), uppercase letters have their own Braille patterns\u2014they already include the capitalization indicator (for instance, dot 7 in 8-dot tables). So to type a capital \u201cA\u201d, you use the Braille pattern for \u201cA uppercase\u201d as defined by the computer-braille table in use. The Brailliant manual shows these patterns. ([voicesystems.it](https://voicesystems.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Manuale_BI40X.pdf?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Literary or UEB Braille (Uncontracted / Contracted)\n\nIf you are using **UEB** (Unified English Braille), either uncontracted or contracted:\n\n- To make a single letter uppercase, precede the letter with the **capital indicator**, which is **dot 6**.  \n- To make a whole word (or block) uppercase, you typically use **capital indicator** twice before the word, and again after when ending block capitals (depending on the style). UEB grammar rules will define exactly how this is done. (For example, double capital indicator before word, then proceed with letters without a space, then another double indicator or a lowercase letter to end block capitals.) ([sastltd.zohodesk.eu](https://sastltd.zohodesk.eu/portal/en/kb/articles/entering-uppercase-characters-into-braillesense-6-series-notetakers?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## \ud83c\udfaf How to Actually Input These On the BI-40X\n\nOn the BI-40X, you have a **Perkins-style Braille keyboard** with 8 dots (in many computer-braille tables), plus two space bars, arrow / cursor-routing keys, etc. ([helenkeller.org](https://www.helenkeller.org/a-review-of-the-brailliant-bi-40x/?utm_source=openai))\n\n- First decide which **Braille profile/table** you are using (Menu \u2192 Options \u2192 Braille Profiles). If you switch to a computer Braille table, then typing uppercase uses the computer patterns. ([files.ltalk.net](https://files.ltalk.net/download/Docs_Help/BrailliantBI40_Manual.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n- If using UEB (literary/contracted or uncontracted), you press **dot-6** (point 6) *before* the letter you want capitalized. For block caps, use two dot-6\u2019s (or whatever your editing style/book rules require). ([sastltd.zohodesk.eu](https://sastltd.zohodesk.eu/portal/en/kb/articles/entering-uppercase-characters-into-braillesense-6-series-notetakers?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\nIf you tell me which Braille table your device is set to, I can give you step-by-step instructions for how to type uppercase letters *in that mode*."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "I%20don%27t%20see%20the%20answer.%20I%27m%20in%20Computer%20Braille.%20I%20need%20to%20enter%20an%20upper%20case%20N%20and%20an%20upper%20case%20U"
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "In **Computer Braille mode**, to enter uppercase letters like **\u201cN\u201d** or **\u201cU\u201d**, you use the *Space-U* chord to signal capitalization for a single letter (or turn on block caps if pressed twice). ([selvasblv.com](https://selvasblv.com/wp-content/resources/u2-mini/Braille%20Sense%20U2%20MINI%20User%20Manual%20%28Ver%208.6%29.pdf?utm_source=openai))\n\nHere\u2019s exactly what to do step by step:\n\n---\n\n## How to type an uppercase N\n\n1. Press **Space** + **U** together. This signals that the next character will be uppercase.  \n2. While holding the same chord (or after releasing, depending on your device), type the standard braille pattern for a lowercase \u201cn\u201d.\n\n   In computer braille, the lowercase \u201cn\u201d is **dots 1-3-4-5**. ([hdc.lsuhsc.edu](https://www.hdc.lsuhsc.edu/ladbp/docs/Computer%20Braille%20code%20description.pdf?utm_source=openai))\n\nSo:  \n**Space+U \u2192 Dots-1-3-4-5** \u2192 output: **N**\n\n---\n\n## How to type an uppercase U\n\n1. Press **Space** + **U** together to signal uppercase for the next letter.  \n2. Then type the standard pattern for lowercase \u201cu\u201d.\n\n   In computer braille, the lowercase \u201cu\u201d is **dots 1-3-6**. ([hdc.lsuhsc.edu](https://www.hdc.lsuhsc.edu/ladbp/docs/Computer%20Braille%20code%20description.pdf?utm_source=openai))\n\nSo:  \n**Space+U \u2192 Dots-1-3-6** \u2192 output: **U**\n\n---\n\n## Optional: Block Capitals (Caps Lock equivalent)\n\n- If you press **Space-U** twice (Space+U, then Space+U again), it turns on block capitals (all letters uppercase) until you press Space-U again to turn it off. ([hdc.lsuhsc.edu](https://www.hdc.lsuhsc.edu/ladbp/docs/Computer%20Braille%20code%20description.pdf?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\nIf you tell me your country or which \u201cComputer Braille\u201d table you're using (for example, US, UK, or another), I can double-check in that specific variant\u2014sometimes small rules differ."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "I%20tried%20that%20and%20it%20didn%27t%20work.%20I%20know%20the%20password%20is%20correct%2C%20so%20it%20seems%20to%20be%20the%20method%20for%20entering%20capital%20letters%20is%20wrong.%20When%20I%20press%20U-chord%20to%20uppercase%20a%20letter%2C%20I%20hearr%20a%20sound%20that%20usually%20signifies%20an%20error."
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "I found some more reliable info that may help. It looks like *capitals are handled differently* in **HumanWare / APH Computer Braille**, and that \u201cSpace + U\u201d is **not** the way to enter uppercase letters on the BI-X when it\u2019s in Computer Braille mode. ([humanware.com](https://www.humanware.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Computer-Braille-Cheat-Sheet_A11y.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOoproG9XsQQ3jWqAG5nBlrxTSThYPo42ksYDtHvATntg9Av3lhOR&utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd0d What the Manuals Say: Correct Method\n\nAccording to HumanWare\u2019s *\u201cMonarch Computer Braille Cheat Sheet\u201d* (used by APH/HumanWare devices in Computer Braille fields such as passwords, websites, etc.):\n\n- To **capitalize** a letter, you add **dot 7** (the Backspace key) to the letter\u2019s braille cells.  \n- If you want all uppercase letters (caps lock), you add dot 7 to every letter. ([humanware.com](https://www.humanware.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Computer-Braille-Cheat-Sheet_A11y.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOoproG9XsQQ3jWqAG5nBlrxTSThYPo42ksYDtHvATntg9Av3lhOR&utm_source=openai))\n\nSo, for uppercase \u201cN\u201d or \u201cU\u201d:\n\n- Find the braille pattern for lowercase \u201cn\u201d (or \u201cu\u201d).\n- At the same time, press **Dot-7** along with all the usual dot-combination for that letter.\n\nYou *do not* use \u201cSpace + U\u201d for capitalization in this mode\u2014\u201cU\u201d is not the modifier key. Instead, dot 7 acts as the capitalization modifier.\n\n---\n\n## \u2705 Steps to Enter Uppercase \u201cN\u201d and \u201cU\u201d\n\nHere\u2019s how to type an **uppercase N** and **uppercase U** under Computer Braille on the BI-X:\n\n1. Locate **Dot-7** (the backspace-key-position key) on your braille keyboard.\n2. Find the dots for **lowercase \u201cn\u201d** pattern (typically dots 1-3-4-5).\n3. Press **Dot-7 + Dots-1-3-4-5** at the same time \u2192 yields **\u201cN\u201d** in uppercase.  \n4. Similarly, for **uppercase \u201cU\u201d**, press **Dot-7 + Dots-1-3-6** simultaneously \u2192 yields **\u201cU\u201d**.\n\n---\n\nIf you want, I can double-check which **Computer Braille table** (US, UK, or another) you have active, in case there are variations."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "OK%2C%20how%20do%20I%20make%20the%20Brailliant%20BI%20X%2040%20work%20with%20JAWS%3F%20I%20just%20updated%20the%20Brailliant%20to%20the%20most%20recent%20software%20release."
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Here\u2019s how to set up your **Brailliant BI-40X** with **JAWS** so that the display and braille input/output work correctly. These steps assume you\u2019ve already updated your BI-40X to the latest firmware. They cover what to check, how to enable the right driver, and how to troubleshoot common problems.\n\n---\n\n## \u2705 What You\u2019ll Need\n\n- **JAWS 18 or higher**. The BI-40X is compatible with JAWS version 18 and up. ([device.report](https://device.report/manuals/humanware-brailliant-bi-40x-user-guide-manual?utm_source=openai))  \n- A Windows PC (Windows 8 or newer) with USB-C ports or Bluetooth if you prefer a wireless setup. ([device.report](https://device.report/manuals/humanware-brailliant-bi-40x-user-guide-manual?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd0c Step 1: Connect via USB (Wired Setup)\n\n1. Turn on the Brailliant.\n2. Connect it to your PC using a **USB-C cable.**\n3. On the BI-40X, open the **Main Menu \u2192 Terminal \u2192 Connected devices**, select **USB** to enable USB connection. ([device.report](https://device.report/manuals/humanware-brailliant-bi-40x-user-guide-manual?utm_source=openai))  \n4. On the PC, open **Device Manager**, find the Brailliant or \u201cHumanWare Braille Display\u201d.  \n   - If it doesn\u2019t show up properly, update the driver: in Device Manager select the device \u2192 **Driver Tab \u2192 Update Driver \u2192 Browse my PC \u2192 Pick from list \u2192 USB Serial Device**. This often fixes \u201cno output\u201d problems. ([sastltd.zohodesk.eu](https://sastltd.zohodesk.eu/portal/en/kb/articles/jaws-no-braille-output-from-humanware-brailliant-displays?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \ud83c\udf00 Step 2: Connect via Bluetooth (Wireless Setup)\n\nIf you prefer Bluetooth:\n\n1. On the BI-40X: Main Menu \u2192 Terminal \u2192 **Add Bluetooth device**, or press and hold Enter for ~5 seconds to start pairing mode. ([subvisionmilano.com](https://www.subvisionmilano.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Manuale-utente-BI-40X-1.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n2. In Windows Settings \u2192 Bluetooth & Devices, add a new Bluetooth device.  \n3. Pair with the BI-40X when it shows in the list.\n4. After pairing, go back to the BI-40X\u2019s Terminal screen and select the recently connected device to activate it. ([subvisionmilano.com](https://www.subvisionmilano.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Manuale-utente-BI-40X-1.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \u2699 Step 3: Enable and Select BI-40X in JAWS\n\n1. Open JAWS.  \n2. Press \u229e Windows + J to shift focus to the JAWS window.  \n3. From JAWS\u2019 menu, go to **Options \u2192 Braille** (Alt \u2192 O, then L). ([subvisionmilano.com](https://www.subvisionmilano.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Impostare-e-configurare-la-Brailliant-con-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n4. For JAWS 2021 or newer, the BI-40X driver should already be included. You\u2019ll need to press \u201cAdd Braille Display\u2026\u201d and select the Brailliant BI X / BI-40X. Then finish the setup. ([subvisionmilano.com](https://www.subvisionmilano.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Impostare-e-configurare-la-Brailliant-con-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udee0 Troubleshooting\n\n| Common Problem | What to Try |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **No braille output** even though JAWS sees the device | Run through the USB driver update via Device Manager (as in step 1). Confirm the driver assigned is \u201cUSB Serial Device.\u201d ([sastltd.zohodesk.eu](https://sastltd.zohodesk.eu/portal/en/kb/articles/jaws-no-braille-output-from-humanware-brailliant-displays?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Wrong braille code** (e.g., UEB vs. Computer Braille) | In JAWS Braille settings, check that both *input code* and *output code* are set to the one you want. Sometimes \u201cComputer Braille\u201d is forced by application context. |\n| **Bluetooth connection unstable** | Make sure the BI-40X has enough battery\u2014low power can cause instability. Also, keep firmware updated (on both BI-40X and Windows). |\n| **Unexpected caps behavior** | In Computer Braille mode (which you\u2019re using), dot-7 is used for capitals. Make sure the braille table/profile matches JAWS\u2019 setting. |\n\n---\n\nIf you tell me your **JAWS version** (for example JAWS 2021, JAWS 2024) and whether you\u2019re connecting via **USB** or **Bluetooth**, I can walk you through some tips specific to your setup."
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "I%20think%20it%27s%20working.%20And%20no%2C%20I%27m%20not%20using%20computer%20Braille%20most%20of%20the%20time%3B%20I%20only%20use%20it%20for%20passwords%20and%20other%20things%20that%20reqquire%20Computer%20Braille.%20When%20using%20JAWS%20with%20the%20Brailliant%20BI%2040%2C%20what%20do%20the%20six%20keys%20to%20the%20left%20and%20right%20of%20the%20display%20do%3F%20There%20are%20three%20on%20each%20side%2C%20and%20the%20manual%20said%20that%20they%20behave%20differently%20depding%20on%20what%20they%27re%20connected%20to.%20I%20want%20to%20know%20what%20they%20do%20with%20JAWS%20and%20what%20they%20would%20do%20with%20an%20iPhone."
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Great question! The six *Command Keys* (also called **C-keys**, labeled C1 through C6) on the **Brailliant BI-40 / BI-40X** (three along the left side, three along the right) have special functions that change depending on whether your device is connected to **JAWS on a PC** or to something like **VoiceOver on iPhone/iOS**. Here\u2019s what I found out.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd0e Where these keys are and basic layout\n\n- The six round buttons on either side of the 40 braille cells are called Command Keys: **C1-C3** on the *left* (from back toward you) and **C4-C6** on the *right* side. ([files.ltalk.net](https://files.ltalk.net/download/Docs_Help/BrailliantBI40_Manual.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n- Besides them, there are thumb keys (on the front, under your thumbs) and the Perkins-style braille keyboard (above the cells) that do different things. ([perkins.org](https://www.perkins.org/resource/so-many-braille-displays-which-one-right-my-student-part-one/?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcbb What C-Keys do with JAWS\n\nWhen connected to a PC running JAWS, the C-keys can serve as shortcuts to common OS or JAWS actions\u2014some emulate pressing Windows keys or opening menus. For example:\n\n- **C3 + C4** acts like pressing the **Windows Start menu** key. ([perkins.org](https://www.perkins.org/resource/so-many-braille-displays-which-one-right-my-student-part-one/?utm_source=openai))  \n- In *JAWS 2024*, there are newer split-braille view features, and some of these keys (combined with thumb keys) help control and navigate those views:  \n  \u2022 *Fourth Thumb Key + C1 + C2 + C3 + C6* \u2192 opens the **Select Braille View dialog**.  \n  \u2022 *C1 + C2 + C3* \u2192 toggles **Buffered Text view**. ([nelowvision.com](https://nelowvision.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Software-Updates-2024-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n\nThese combinations mean you can do more without needing to use the PC keyboard. If you want, I can list the most useful CX combos people use in JAWS.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcf1 What C-Keys do with an iPhone (VoiceOver)\n\nWhen using with **iOS / VoiceOver**, the C-keys map to VoiceOver navigation commands. Some of them are used individually, some in combos. Here are a few:\n\n| C-Key or C-Keys | VoiceOver Command on iPhone |\n|----------------|------------------------------|\n| C1 (alone) | Move to the **previous item** ([support.apple.com](https://support.apple.com/en-tm/103742?utm_source=openai)) |\n| C4 (alone) | Move to the **next item** ([support.apple.com](https://support.apple.com/en-tm/103742?utm_source=openai)) |\n| C1 + C2 + C3 | Move to the very **first** item on the screen ([support.apple.com](https://support.apple.com/en-tm/103742?utm_source=openai)) |\n| C4 + C5 + C6 | Move to the **last** item on the screen ([support.apple.com](https://support.apple.com/en-tm/103742?utm_source=openai)) |\n\nThere are more combos\u2014for example, to get to Status Bar, Control Center, or use the rotor\u2014and many use combinations of C-keys, sometimes with thumb keys. ([support.apple.com](https://support.apple.com/en-tm/103742?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## \u26a0 Things to watch out for\n\n- **Command Key functions aren\u2019t fixed**. Some depend on how your display is set up (Terminal mode, what screen reader is active), and whether any custom mappings are in place. ([files.ltalk.net](https://files.ltalk.net/download/Docs_Help/BrailliantBI40_Manual.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n- With iOS VoiceOver and Brailliant BI 40 / 40X, *pressing multiple C-keys at once* generally will work only in specific combos. Not all key presses are supported every place. ([applevis.com](https://applevis.com/comment/129284?utm_source=openai))  \n- In JAWS, newer versions like JAWS 2024 introduced *Split View / Buffered Text View* features that make use of combinations of C-keys and thumb keys. If you run an older JAWS, some combos may not exist yet. ([nelowvision.com](https://nelowvision.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Software-Updates-2024-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\nIf you tell me your **JAWS version** and whether you have updated recently, I can send you a full cheat-sheet with all the C-key combos that work on *your* setup. Want me to pull that together?"
    },
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "Yes%2C%20I%20do.%20I%20am%20running%20JAWS%202026%2C%20and%20updated%20to%20the%20most%20recent%20version%20yesterday."
    },
    {
        "role": "assistant",
        "content": "Awesome\u2014running **JAWS 2026** and the latest firmware gives you access to the newest sets of braille commands. Below is a cheat sheet for what the six Command Keys (C1\u2013C6) can do with the **Brailliant BI-40X** when used with JAWS 2026. I've also included what works on iPhone/iOS for comparison.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udee0 Layout of the Keys\n\n- C1, C2, C3: on the *left* side of the display (from back toward you) ([device.report](https://device.report/manuals/humanware-brailliant-bi-40x-user-guide-manual?utm_source=openai))  \n- C4, C5, C6: on the *right* side (same back-to-front order) ([perkins.org](https://www.perkins.org/resource/so-many-braille-displays-which-one-right-my-student-part-one/?utm_source=openai))  \n- Thumb keys: front edge, for panning, navigation; there are \u201cPrevious\u201d, \u201cLeft\u201d, \u201cRight\u201d, \u201cNext\u201d thumb keys. ([device.report](https://device.report/manuals/humanware-brailliant-bi-40x-user-guide-manual?utm_source=openai))  \n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd0d With JAWS 2026 \u2014 Command Key Combos\n\nJAWS 2026 builds on the Split Braille features introduced in JAWS 2024. Here are important C-key combos to be aware of:\n\n| Action | Key Combo |\n|---|---|\n| **Open Braille View Selector** *(to change view mode or layout)* | Fourth Thumb Key + C1 + C2 + C3 + C6 ([nelowvision.com](https://nelowvision.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Software-Updates-2024-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Toggle Buffered Text View** | C1 + C2 + C3 ([nelowvision.com](https://nelowvision.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Software-Updates-2024-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Pan the split-view region** | Third and Fourth Thumb Keys \u2192 pan using those when in split view mode ([nelowvision.com](https://nelowvision.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Software-Updates-2024-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai)) |\n| **Navigate by line in split view** | C6 + Third + Fourth Thumb Keys ([nelowvision.com](https://nelowvision.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Software-Updates-2024-JAWS.pdf?utm_source=openai)) |\n\nAlso, there are older/common functions (from earlier versions, still useful in 2026):\n\n| Action | Key(s) |\n|---|---|\n| Start (Windows Start menu) | C3 + C4 ([perkins.org](https://www.perkins.org/resource/so-many-braille-displays-which-one-right-my-student-part-one/?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Pan braille one cell left / right | C2 (left pan) and C5 (right pan) ([files.ltalk.net](https://files.ltalk.net/download/Docs_Help/BrailliantBI40_Manual.pdf?utm_source=openai)) |\n\nSome bi-level or context-specific commands still use combinations involving space or Perkins keyboard, but for C-keys the above are the main ones. You\u2019ll find a longer list in the Brailliant manual, especially under the section discussing \u201cshortcuts\u201d and \u201cSplit Braille View.\u201d ([files.ltalk.net](https://files.ltalk.net/download/Docs_Help/BrailliantBI40_Manual.pdf?utm_source=openai))\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcf1 iPhone / VoiceOver Behavior\n\nOn iPhone with VoiceOver, C-keys are mapped to VoiceOver commands\u2014different from JAWS, and often more limited unless using combos with space or dots. Here are some:\n\n| Action | Key or Combo |\n|---|---|\n| Move to the **previous item** | C1 alone ([manuals.plus](https://manuals.plus/m/9914815c064252faed4a9af12dcae7976237ffb0d366fa797999d99ee7e1853e?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Move to the **next item** | C4 alone ([manuals.plus](https://manuals.plus/m/9914815c064252faed4a9af12dcae7976237ffb0d366fa797999d99ee7e1853e?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Pan braille left | C2 alone ([manuals.plus](https://manuals.plus/m/9914815c064252faed4a9af12dcae7976237ffb0d366fa797999d99ee7e1853e?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Pan braille right | C5 alone ([manuals.plus](https://manuals.plus/m/9914815c064252faed4a9af12dcae7976237ffb0d366fa797999d99ee7e1853e?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Go to first item on screen | C1 + C2 + C3 together ([manuals.plus](https://manuals.plus/m/9914815c064252faed4a9af12dcae7976237ffb0d366fa797999d99ee7e1853e?utm_source=openai)) |\n| Go to last item | C4 + C5 + C6 together ([manuals.plus](https://manuals.plus/m/9914815c064252faed4a9af12dcae7976237ffb0d366fa797999d99ee7e1853e?utm_source=openai)) |\n\n---\n\nIf you want, I can send you a PDF cheat-sheet you can print for easy reference with JAWS 2026 and Brailliant BI-40X."
    }
]